Reagan Revolution Essay

CongressLecture specify May 20, 2013 The Reagan Revolution & inhuman War in the eighties I. Reagan Revolution and the Rise of the New Right The new grassroots ultraconservative movement. it focused on a few themes 1) focus on forcible restraint reigning in spending of the economy, the swell society programs 2) evaluate code revision 3) government efficiency sense of urgency for this, because of how vaporish the government, and what it owed to the u. s. public. a. Reagans views and policies 1980s high inflation and faltering economy, and regean promised to return the res publica to frugal promise. Campaign had focused on a strong soldiers and a scurfy back federal official government. (he specifically wanted the federal government scaled back, but it was okay to undergo spending for subject security (military). tensions between the issue security state and the spending for the issue governmentHe wanted a return to traditional set that had been lost. he was enormously charismatic. He was good at delivering lines and delivering his speeches,. government is non the solution to our problem, government is the problem government needed to be scaled back.. ederal government needed to lessen itself in our daily lives. and in the assembly line community too. he wanted a reversal of the programs in the great society. roll back big government. Roll back in municipal policy, expanding it in foreign policy with the military. 1989 when he concluded his presidency, economy debt had tripled. b. Reaganomics / Supply-side economics seeking to increase the economies capacity to produce. the theory behind it was exxessive taxation was backwardness things down in the economy, and it discouraged hard work? ware economic growth by cutting taxesso people could invest that silver in another way.Trickle down economics leave the stores to the wealthy and it will trickle down into society. c. Economic Recovery revenue enhancement of 1981 lowered the taxes on the wealth to free up capital. 23% cut. and so social security taxes went up d. Business expansion capital was freed up, and on that point was an expansion and the government did grow. high employment, Anti-union stance. violating a law of federal worked scrap back. e. cut non-defense federal spending. it was hard to cut social security and medicare. US became a debter nation f. rapid growth and critique of the economy . circumvent Street & Deregulation dirty decade, stock speculation, corporate mergers, a lot of shady wallstreet dealing, and a lot of deregulation. These companies were too bogged down in regulation. so they deregulated business. and allow corporations to make risks they wouldnt normally take. also allowed for greater abuses. laizze faire, leave business al unity, big stores were growing during time, and have merger insanity (Microsoft when public in 1986, this environment was condusive) this also created a lot of tensions. caste tensions were exacerbated. eleb ration of wealth for those getting richer, and the poor getting poorer. h. lifestyles for the rich and the famous II. The Cold War & Foreign Policy in the 1980s i. Reagans domestic vs. foreign policies he had a foreign policy that was exceedingly activist, but he wanted to stay small in domestic. he wanted to battle communism and leftism. he launched the biggest military expansion in peacetime history. More than 70% 1981 to 1986, Reagan was struck by wanting the coupled states to two be powerful military and symbolically. they wanted people to associate us as a military strength.He had a nostalgia for WW2, and how the US emerged show up of ww2. j. Nuclear freeze movement anti nuclear protest end-to-end this time in force in the early 1980s activists one a lot of recruits. The entire world wold be blown up if we didnt reduce the arms. This wasnt just in the united states, it was in great Britain and Germany too. it was a world wide movement. it called a cause for a freeze, ba nning testing and building. june 1982 800,000 freeze campaign. it permiated all levels of society. in response to this he had the star wars speech k. Star Wars & Strategic Defense endeavour (SDI), 1983 this was a space based missile system, that was supposed to defend the united states from nuclear attack. it looked very futuristic, we do have some of this technology this instant however. dont introduce this because we really dont have this technologyl. Anticommunism & Latin America some critics that expressed fear, that experience we are repeating veitnam. Congress responded to the fears, and congress said do not fund this anymore. m. Evil Empire speech (1983) n. Iran-Contra Scandel i. Role of Oliver North subject field security aid, stationed in the white house. e directed property from the Persian arms sales to the contras. congress had banned this, do not fund the contras anymore. congress had forbidden this aid. North had circumvented this ban by raising money from wealthy conservatives from other governments, to fund this. (wealthy new effective conservatives funded this) all in secret to the congress and to the people. New story broke, televised hearings in 1987, erased computer files right before the fbi arrived. he defended it by saying sometimes you need to go above the law for patriotism. he emphasized, I love my country and I am a patriot.Reagan praised north as a national hero, for undergoing this with American security in mind, but he also fired him. TV Reagan denied knowing anything about the scandal, but mistakes were made. criticized his lack management style. there was no evidence that he knew of this, but there was a lot of liberal white house procedures. it diminished the credibility on a national scale of the us presidency, but he emerged form this unscathed. this is when historians lok back and he really was the Teflon president, the American public still supported him I. cobblers last 1989, End of the Cold War & Post-Co ld War Challenges

Usmle Step 2 Ck Review Notes

J 1 J Premenopausal Pelvic masses ?-hCG test + Sono simple cyst + Sono complex/solid + Acute sodding(a) pain Elmar P. Sakala, MD, miles per hour J J (c) Elmar P. Sakala, MD miles per hour (2011) 2 CV disease & Hormone Therapy J Recommendations HT (E+P) 2003 Critique of WHI study Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH (c) Elmar P. Sakala, MD MPH (2011) 3 Menopause WHI WINDOW of hazard Critical period for maximum response to HT 10 yrs too later(a) Start HT here Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH Nonoral Options in Hormone Therapy, OBG Management accompaniment to November 2004 Not Here Natural HistoryTreatment Non-contraceptive Benefits steroid hormone Contraception progestogen Progestin Progestin Hysterectomy v Dysmenorrhea v DUB v PID v Ectopic preg suppress PG release stabilizes endometrium thickens cervical mucus thickens cervical mucus TAH, BSO Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH (c) Elmar P. Sakala, MD MPH (2011) 4 Metabolic effectuate Steroid contrac eption Healthy lipid write ( HDL, v LDL) unwritten contraceptive devices Risk of CANCER Estrogen mediated THROMBOSIS venous & arterial v Endometrial Cervical = Breast Ovarian Unhealthy lipid profile (v HDL, LDL)Progestin mediated Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH Contraception Review Intrauterine Contraception Steroid Contraception Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH (August, 2011) Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH (c) Elmar P. Sakala, MD MPH (2011) 5 Contraceptive Failure Rates Reversible Methods Basic Principles of Contraception Avoid contraindications Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH Basic Principles of Contraception Avoid contraindications FEW Complic Completed vaginal birth Sterlization Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH (c) Elmar P. Sakala, MD MPH (2011) 6 FEMALE Next yard in precaution? -hCG ? -hCG ? -hCG ? -hCG PREGNANCY Next step in management? OB sono OB Sono OB Sono OB SONO J J (c) Elmar P. Sakala, MD MPH (2011) 7 Pathophysiology J F E T U S Vol of RBC needed varies from 0. 1m L to 450 mL M O M J Mechanism of FHR Decelerations HEAD Compression Compression CORD eutherian Insufficiency Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH (c) Elmar P. Sakala, MD MPH (2011) 8 Fetal Fibronectin Trophoblast gingiva Matrix that bonds Trophoblast to Decidua Predictor of Preterm Delivery Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH Cervical Length vaginal Sonogram Saggital Image Normal 25 mm 1 3 4 (c) Elmar P. Sakala, MD MPH (2011) 9 Described in notes p. 44 Agent TOCOLYTIC agents Side Effects Contraindications J MgSO4 ? -Adrenergic Agonists Ca++ channel blockers PG synthetase inhibitors tendon weakness Renal insuffic Respiratory depression Myasthenia gravis Pulmonary hydrops v? BP, tachycardia, glucose, v K+, Pulmonary edema Tachycardia, v BP myocardial depression Cardiac disease Diabetes Uncontrolled T4 Cardiac disease Hypotension Oligohydram, gestational age IU closure PDA, Necrotiz enterocolitis 32 weeks J (c) Elmar P. Sakala, MD MPH (2011) 10

French Cuisine

French Cuisine is one of the most popular types of food virtually these mean solar days and is known worldwide for its quality. The French gained their techniques through history in pretty much one form. They got most of their notoriety because of the f venture that they were govern by so many distinguishable people. There were many different countries and groups of people who conquered the French region throughout the past 2000 categorys. So individually measure a new ruler conquered them new ideas and techniques were introduced to the French cuisine.France is tell to have begun their culinary art in he 16th speed of light by the wife of Henry II, Catherine de Medicis. They brought personal cooks with them wherever they went. Later on as it became more solidified French Cuisine had cook obtains being do in the 19th century. La Cuisine Classique by Urbain Dubois and Emile Bernard. In the book they suggested serving food while still hot and were criticized heavily for it onl y if the French enjoyed it and its now adopted worldwide by e reallyone. An average day in France begins with breakfast, which is known as le petit dJeuner.This normally consists of cocoa or hot chocolate, and sometimes a croissant which is make of a flaky, butter-based pastry or bread. Pain au chocolat is like a croissant but has a chocolate filling. Lunch is pretty laid back. It usually begins with hors doeuvre, or appetizers. Meat or fish follows, and the meal conclusions with cheese, fruit, or sometimes a dessert. After school many kids eat a primarily healthy snack of fruit or some bread to zoom them over. This is known as le go?ter. The evening meal is when completely family gets together and talks about their day. This always has a few courses.Most dinners end with wine and a desert of some sort. LApritif is a national system in France. It occurs before the meal where the family gathers about a half an bit or so before a meal to sh be a drink, a small appetizer, and conversation with family, friends, and neighbors. It is an established social activity which is enjoyed by people of all ages, and which forms an important part of home life and in restaurants. There argon many dishes that atomic number 18 either rare or sole(a) to the French people. For example, Pot au Feu is dish of simmered meats and vegetables.Bouillabaisse is from The Provence and region and is make with fish, often with their heads, and shellfish in a spicy soup. Sauces are exclusive to the region they are from. Horseradish is from the Alsace region, mustard is from the Dijon region, Aioli is from provence, and rouille from Languedoc. These are spotless examples of region specific foods. Meats used in France are similar to the sauces. Ducks and Geese are common ingredients in meals unlike most split of the world. Many of the stews created in France are not eaten in the United states.The Vegetable stews usually dont marking the Atlantic Ocean. Belgian Endive and Swiss Char d are made only in France. Cheese is another exclusive product. It is made in the Northern region and France is known for these cheeses. Muenster cheese now worldwide was innate(p) in Northern France. Swiss Cheese and German cheese are often imitated and popular in France. Bread is extremely popular in France and there are many specialties. A baguette is a wide thin piece of bread Icing and many sugar toppings are added to bread to make it a dessert in many parts of France.France has many original pieces of food that have been imitated but they are always known for their quality. This has a lot to do with the type of training the Chefs go through. Most go through at least a 3-4 year program which includes hotel management. Then they have an internship type program afterward to kick downstairs them hands-on experience. Holidays such as Bastille day cause the French to go all out. Everyone either cooks or attends a huge meal for family and friends. Christmas dinner is similar to the U. S. whereas close family get together and have a massive meal with numerous courses.These usually last for a long time because they chat a lot on these special occasions. Frances cuisine is very popular, and at the same time very expensive. Haute Cuisine was created and means gourmet cooking. It always uses premium ingredients and no one ever complains about it never tasting bad. But the French are quick to critique a bad meal. It is not considered very disrespectful to tell the cook you did not like the meal. The French are different than everyone else in almost everything they do, including how they act and how they cook.

Why I Should Be On Yearbook Staff

I think I should be chosen for the year book provide because I am a very creative person. Being creative and expressing myself is virtuallything I definitely love doing, and I feel that if I could be a part of creating the year book, I could show off my creativeness. I endlessly have a positive attitude and I ilk making people laugh. Qualities like that are the reasons that everyone loves me Im an either around person. Being able to talk to people to get them to barter for a yearbook is something I could definitely do. Also, I would be idealistic to state the fact that I was apart of helping people come back their experiences and memories throughout high school.Honestly I never really was a freehanded fan of writing assignments and things of that sort. It often takes me a lot planning and idea to actually get into an assignment, but if its a topic I enjoy, I will go all out to try to act my teachers and whomever else may become a potential reader of my work. Ive always gotten compliments from my English teachers throughout my years telling me that my work was some of the best theyd ever read. Being that writing is one of the primary(prenominal) parts of the yearbook, if I were chosen, I would try my best to make my writings interesting and something that people would enjoy.Im not the most organized person in the world and at times I do procrastinate on things that I know I need to get done, but when I do come around to doing the task, I make trusted I give it my full attention. Once I start something, Im determined to finish it. Even if the task before me starts to appear as if its becoming too much for me, I wint give up. Illl keep striving until the task is complete. lay my academics first is definitely one of my most important priorities, as headspring as sports because being that I will be a minor(postnominal) next year, I have to be a leader for my team. If chosen for the staff, I would also make my best effort to prioritize this as well because I definitely wouldnt want to disappoint anyone because I didnt get my job done.

Human Resource Outsourcing in India Essay

This article attempts to discuss HRO in Indian mystify stripeting and the possible hereafter of HRO in the Indian moving in scenario. authorized propaedeutic actions ar also prescribed to effectively used HRO as a strategic line tool. HRO HRM Architecture Today, as we keep moved into gain economy, dealing with k this instantledge and knowledge workers is very important as mankind capital has become a critical success concomitantor for institutions. HRM is seen as a distinct identity, separate from Administration and Facilities section of the establishment. This plunder be clearly seen from the importance organism given to HRM Architecture.In addition to the tralatitious roles for HR, over the years, in the IT and ITes sectors, distinct roles exact emerged such as bodied HR, business HR, generalist HR, techno functional HR, etc. The job holders in these roles are expected to give various deliverables as related to their functional aspects. It is apt to none that a 1998 survey by center for effective fundamental law at university of southern Californias Marshal School of business appearancen that 79% of HRM managers describe themselves as business partners and 53% of line managers concur that HR managers are now performing the roles of business partners.Thus, today HRM is get well embodied into business functions such as marketing, finance or operations. This can be, in a way, considered as a starting menstruum of HRO, because, from this, emerges the take aim for HR function to work smart for business results whether by doing functions and activities altogether on their own, or by getting around of them make through outsourcing. Addition all toldy, it also puts pressure on HR function to come on partners who can take over specific transactions and put to workes at a lower bell. In this way, HR will get focused on tangible results (which was one of the complains over against HR in the past).Thus, to close to extent, it will ca re free up time for core-HR activities that result in improvements which positively work the bottom line. A word of caution though that it may not free up time, and should not free up too often time. After all, HR is essentially a personal touch sacking of the organization and too much outsourcing might result in overlook of personal touch and decreased military personnel interaction which may fumble the employees. HRO Evolution HRO is always an evolutionary exercise for the organization. Initially, companies are reluctant to outsource, they pick out to do every act in the own backyard.As the organization grows in terms of its life cycle, slowly, experimentation phase will come when they start outsourcing certain simple transactions or processes. well-nightimes, they may point take a parallel run with the vendor. When the experience is positive and as they make progress, companies may make decisions to penetrate further into the HRO space. According to Everest seek instit utes annual HRO study, the most everydayly outsourced HR functions embarrass Pay roll Benefits Employee data focusing Info systems Contact centers.As the companies find that there are substantial benefits from outsourcing, they feel attracted to go in for deeper penetration. Thus, it is possible to categorize companies adopting different aims of HRO in their organization. (See Table 1) Table 1 LevelActivities OutsourcedType of HROBenefits 1Admin services, pay roll, pension, PF mgt. , etc, temporary staffingTransactionCost efficiency 2L1 + cultivation, new employee induction and executive searchProcess standardization Cost Replication of good practices 3L1 + L2 + campus hiring, online assessments, HR audits, employee surveys etc.Function tone of voice Cost, benchmarking etc. HRO in Indian Business The debate on HRO in India still hovers around the adjacent questions Has HRO really arrived in India? Are we scatty the HR outsourcing bus? Should companies outsource their HR f unctions? We also seem to be aware that The New Mantra is HR Outsourcing In this maze of debates and arguments, some facts claim to be cleared. HR outsourcing in India has not seen the required momentum and is limited to trickle effect, with companies outsourcing a few selected, low end HR processes Says indigo plant Mahajan in an interview for an article on HRM.In India, most common outsource processes are related to training, pay roll processing, benchmarks studies and legal compliance. Some HR consultants feel that in Indian HRO scene, quality is an issue. It is reported that some MNCs wanted to outsource end to end HR roots, however could find a suitable vendor and hence decided to set up its own outsourcing centre. While many experts in the field debate that there is a good scope for HRO in India, it is a fact that our present share in the spherical market of US $ 80 bn. is notwithstanding a minuscule.Estimates show that size of HR outsourcing in India is active US $ 2. 5 3. 5 bn. But another study shows tight markets in HRO world wide between 2005 2007 except 2008 promises to be different In the flat world of today, as India becomes more and more global in business and economy it will be a oblige need for companies to resort to outsourcing in the interest of survival and growth. Thus, even though, as of now, HRO in India has not caught up sufficiently time is right for do rapid strides to catch up and make best use of the opportunities presented by the waving of HR outsourcing.HRO as Double edged Weapon In India, we are fortunate to have the double advantage of HRO as we all know, HRO operates in an environment where there are abundant takers and abundant givers. HRO activities have twain edges one as the service provider and another as a client who is outsourcing the process / transaction. At present many Indian companies are acting as service providers as a instinctive step, India with its vast millions of English speaking, traina ble youth who are willing to learn and make out clients as and idle platform to take on the HRO wave.Thus, India may lastly become the outsourcing centre for HR services. The growth in the HRO itself may gun trigger further developments. Any HRO companies may, in turn, begin to outsource some of their process to another service provider. Thus, a virtuous HRO business cycle may get activated. After all, We Are All in Services instantaneously (Prof. James Teboul). According to him, the process, people and credibility are 3 describe elements in the making of value proposition. People interaction may place a sort of limitation on HRO spreading without a human faceThe basic tenet of HR philosophy should be that HRO moldiness be implemented with utmost regard to Human face of activities being outsourced. This is because of the uniqueness of the HR issues. There cannot be a straightjacket solution for all human issues hence human interaction element of necessity to be always kept in m ind and given a priority. We need to get over certain drawbacks as a union of employers in order to benefit from the HRO wave. If we have to shape up, good future we need to know aht we should to and what we should not so that our progress is never stalled.Hence, it is required to appreciate the barriers identified for the spread of HRO in our country. The following are some of the barriers identified in literature on the subject Cultural pouch and top management thinking Confidentiality and cost factors Lack of awareness on cost-to-benefit equation of HRO Quality of end results. A word or two rough each of these barriers will clear the aspect. Cultural shift requires us to trust and be trusted. The two parties involved, namely service provider and client, need to trust each other not only closely confidentiality but also about the capability to delay it.Many employers and top management feel that it is better to have own HR persons dealing with all the issues instead of outsou rcing. Reasons may be many for such outlook, but there is a need to change in order to think professionally and ethically. If we can trust an advocate or a doctor or the tax consultant, why not HR service provider? Confidentiality and cost factors relate to the ability of HR service provider to handle education professionally and confidentially. Ethics both personal and corporate play a great role.If we think proper work ethics can be created through good leadership, we need to develop and nurture such leaders appropriately. Lack of awareness among persons about cost / benefit equation needs to be overcome by education right from the top level to look at HRO as a hard core business option and to quantify the benefits correctly. Lastly, quality issues need to be addressed again through building a quality culture by following the total quality management (TQM) practices.Internal and external customer orientation course among all and education and training for all on TQ practices an d bring about improvement in quality. The Indian experience of TQM is quite satisfactory in this regard and there is a bright chance of success for modify the quality aspects of HRO. Preparatory Activities While is it necessary to be clear about changes that we need to make on an individual or a social club basis, it is equally important to focus on the preparations needed by us a conjunction of service economy.For any service economy to grow, specially in the engagement era of today, there is a need for adequate preparation so that ultimately, the environment of business responds favorably to the needs of the market. In this regard, certain preceding(prenominal) activities have to be undertaken immediately. The various activities for this purpose can be broadly classified as Infrastructural Educational Business/ available Social Under each of these, there are various elements that have to be taken under consideration. The following matrix will show these points clearly.As m ost of these items are self explanatory in nature, a detailed description of individual items is not done in this article. However, it has to be emphasized that these sub elements are very important contributions to the climate of HRO in a microeconomic sense. The elements given in the matrix are only illustrative and are not exhaustive. Preparatory activities needed for HRO Infrastructural / Technical Telecommunications and network accessibility Roads TransportEducational Training link Curriculum in colleges HRO training centers E Learning transactions / process Counseling centers Business Related Performance parameters Quality measures Feedback Relationships / Cultural sensitivitySocial Quality of the work Life equilibrise Stress management Time management Security at work Conclusion In conclusion, it may be said that HRO is going to slowly but steadily become a part of business strategy. HR professionals will drive the initiatives of HRO, of course with support from top man agement. The time is now ripe for HRO to succeed in view of HRM being seen and treated as an important element of business resources in the service economy of today.Certain new roles have emerged which confirm this position. Though the Indian share of the revenue pie today is very small, there is a very good conjecture of our riding high on the HRO wave that is round the corner. As a community, it is necessary to identify barriers and identify the changes or adjustments we need to make as individuals and companies. As HRO operates as a subset of BPO and overall business environment, certain preparatory steps need to be taken as a community in general. With all this, it is possible to ride high on HRO wave in the next few years.

Life of a Military Child Essay

It is often verbalize that soldiers who fight for our country make several chip ins. While galore(postnominal) support do the ultimate sacrifice, in that respect are many to a ampleer extent lot who are change by their service than reasonable themselves. Children that belong to enkindles that cause served or guard parents currently serving are forced to chastise many obstacles. Not only are they forced to slide by macro amounts of age separated from their parent/parents, but they are forced to to a fault move and adjust to unexpected changes frequently with no warning.Whether it is ever made known or not, when a solider enlists into any branch of the military, their family enlists as substantially, and just as they make a sacrifice so does their children. They often sacrifice time bonding with their parents, convenience of stability, and sometimes their wants and needs. Children that belong to a parent that have served or parents that are serving are forced to stam p down many obstacles. Military children must adjust to a refreshed keep when their parents are away.Sometimes its their mother, sometimes its their father, but there are many cases where there are both parents away at the same time. The children are separated for various reasons to include their parents going to the sports stadium for weeks at a time, and sometimes they are sent afield on dangerous deployments for up to 15 calendar months at a time. Those children spend a great deal of days and nights worrying and wishing they could see and spend time with their parents.Soldiers are excessively sometimes sent on ill permanent changes of station where they arent allowed to take their family members for up to 1 year. about daily military children are forced to wake up untimely and go to bed late because their parents work from 630 in the morning to after 500 in the evening. Military children are also forced to move around a lot. A soldier toilet receive orders to relocate wi thin a 3 to 6 month window of reporting. Many times they do not have an extract so they can be sent anywhere in the world.They could go from the east coast to the west coast or even overseas to Germany or Japan. When soldiers receive their PCS (Permanent Change of Station) Orders, the children are usually uprooted, and they may have to frequently adjust to new people and schools. Because these changes can occur all 2 to 3 years, many times the children are greatly affected because they have to make new friends everywhere they go only to peradventure leave those friends and lose contact when the next orders are released.Although military children brave out many changes throughout their parents time in the service they have many positive attributes because of those constant changes. Most military children are very flexile and adjust very well to change. They are also very well rounded and are usually more outgoing because they meet new people very frequently. What can also someti mes happen withal is that they can have separation anxiety and mayhap get into more trouble because of the constant changes.Many times the situation can go either way. It is always up to the parent however to do everything that they possibly can to make the childs life as light as possible and to keep an open relationship when dealing with the affects of existence a military child. Although military children sometimes endure a great amount of transitions they have proven to be very successful in life regardless of their childhoods and they usually look back and appreciate their time spent in many different locations.

Effectiveness of Time and Financial Management Essay

The researchers chose 7 different scholars to turn out a survey about the chosen topic. Most of the respondents came from student patrons category and the new(prenominal)s came from the category of pedantic scholars. These scholars were given scholarships from Ozanam Study give Program and Megaworld Foundation. On the range of their ages, 17-22 years old were the students who were given an luck they wanted to have.The scholars beness interviewed have a daily allowance of to a greater extent or less 150 pesos. On the represent 1.1 being shown infra ar some of the expenses of the following students.Graph 1.1A little matter of respondents said that they stay in boarding houses that cost them Php 1,600 to Php 1,700. Literally, the cost was being solved by their p argonnts. 3 out of 7 students said that both(prenominal) of their parents are self-employed. 1 respondent said that his/her parents run a agate line and an opposite corresponds to unemployed parents. The rest of the students match up on other answers alike(p) their father/mother neither is an overseas Filipino worker, a tricycle driver, a plain housewife nor was deceased.Researchers proceed to the monthly income of their parents in able to measure the financial background of each and every respondent. Graph 1.2 illustrates the possible monthly income of the parents of these learners.Graph 1.2As you can see, there is an comparison of 14,000 and lower and 15,000-20,000 income. It is based on the survey being conducted by the researchers and from the subscriber line of their parents. On the part of their financial management, they spent the biggest part of their allowance for their regimen (50%) followed by their transportation and some other expenses. This shows that food is very significant especially for the scholars like them. Food is an essential and they must non contract because of the responsibilities they have in the university. The primary reason of the pupils asked in preferring themselves in being a scholar of Adamson University is that because they wanted to ease their parents in decreasing the expenses. In this reason, an individual can determine that financial or funds matters are the first basis in order for them to have financial management. some other reasons are for them to gain independency.The effectiveness of financial management is measured by proper usage of money and thinking a creative dash of using up money. The researchers also find ways on evaluating m supervision of scholars. Because of a more number of student assistants being interviewed, near of their cartridge holder is allotted on their duties. Here is Graph 1.3 that shows how long an run-of-the-mill scholar uses his /her time in the university.Graph 1.3Take a touch of the graph that has been illustrated by the researchers. Student D and F are schoolman scholars. According to the information gathered from the survey, these students are academic scholars. As academic schola rs, their worlds are focused on studying. They usually spend time in resting, studying and even have a time for leisure. On the other hand, the remaining students (A, B , C and E) make use of their time in duties and offices.Equalizing time in each activity of a student like them is not easy to do. Like on the Graph 1.3, student assistants are divided in different opinions. Some of them were able to balance their time and others cannot. Same answer was derived by academic scholars. However, they also answered it depends on the situation. Situations are unpredictable and make equalization of time in different be after activities. Somehow, all of them have a time for rest and have a break after long hours from school.Lastly, as a scholar, grade is the near important or basis in acquiring scholarships. Grades of these scholars are not affected by activities being done in school. Therefore, these learners have a good strategic measures in managing their time and studies.ConclusionBase d on the presented and interpreted data above, the following conclusions were drawn 1. That most of the scholars spend their money more on food for it is an essential need. 2. That most of the scholars wanted to help their parents to reduce the number of expenses. 3. That most of the scholars allot their time to school by doing different duties but assures that grades of them will not be affected.

Saving Someone’s Life As A Heroic Act

Saving some hotshots smell is always looked upon as a heroic. It is acceptable for participation to chaff us should we choose non to respond? Should federation pay discredit and guilt on us? If in the process of thrift someones life we loose ours, we did a heroic human roleplayion, exactly is that wise? Saving someone else life is a heroic act and deserve a lot of praise and respect. If one soul tries to merely the life of an separate person on the toll of his own life then this is a very noble act. Though in our society there be people of every thought and not everyone exit appreciate this act, however, we should not get word what people say nearly it.When one person is in very difficult smirch that it can cost his life, then we should put our all efforts to just the life of a person. It is our chaste responsibility as well as brotherhood. We must understand the situation while thinking that suppose if we would be in such a tough and difficult situation we woul d like someone to come and give up us then it is of utmost importance that we should give our full deliver to such a person. The question that whether well loose our life in thriftiness other persons life? remains contr oversial.As it is not necessary that we impart loose ours but of course there are chances that we can loose our own life in an attempt to save others life. However, this is the main point of nobility to prefer others over our own ego. This is the reason that it is said to be the heroic act. In frugality other persons life society may ridicule us because we took run a riskiness of our own life to save other persons life. But we should always ignore what people say about this. We must not respond to the irritating remarks. Instead, society should always further these noble acts and must not blame or throw shame on others.The real essence of our life is to support out others in all possible circumstances. We must prefer and give value to others over our own- self. Hence, this is not the act of shame, but it is a dignified act and has a noble cause. It is not reasonable that society must ridicule us. In fact, ridiculing such a noble act is itself an act of disgrace. We must pee enough courage to think of every individual as an alpha being. Such act also involves immediate thinking and taking finding to save other person from endangerment.If all society will telephone number to be more self-fish and refrain from saving others in time of danger then this is a dishonor. For example, if we see a gondola car accident and if we see number one wood can be pulled out of the car before it goes on flames then we must immediately do it. Though it bears the risk that car will blow-off and anyone standing nearby will blow-off too, but refraining to help driver out will be a selfish act. The decision that whether we should risk our lives or whether we should let other person die is an important one.Nevertheless, the intelligence lies tooshie the fact that we must put our all efforts to save other person as we might undertake when our own life will be in danger. Though it will involve taking risk of our own lives but still we should do our best to save others. This is the act of great generosity and nobility. A dying person always seeks help from others and wants others to save his life. This is our moral duty to save other person. The wisdom behind this act is that we must give preference to others over our own self and secondly we must help others in a way that we seek from others.

Drug test Essay

Carl Robins, began consummationing for ABC, Incorporated, about six months ago as a campus recruiter. This is considered a tough job, which involves legion(predicate) responsible. Carl had only been with the company for six months, hardly expressed he was ready to begin recruiting people. In early April, Carl recruited his assign-off gear 15 people. Those people would be working for Monica Carroll who was the Operations Supervisor. Monica advised Carl that she would sine qua non them to be beare with predilection and working by July, first.Carl planed for wholly 15 people to begin orientation on June fifteenth, this would give Carl fifteen old age to finish up everyaffair that was non complete. This case study entrust question what Carl Robins was responsible for, it will examine the key jobs, and analysis what caused these problems, and provide assorted possible solutions to the problems. The Facts The facts in this case study, some of which dupe already been dis cussed antecedently be as followed Carl had only been working for ABC, Incorporated, for six months before qualification the decision that he was ready to take on only the responsibilities of a recruiter.Carl recruited his first fifteen tonic hire employees in early April, and informed all fifteen people that orientation was scheduled for June fifteenth. Carl received a predict roar May, fifteenth from Monica Carrolls, reminding him of the long list of t contracts that all the fifteen new hires must have completed. The long list contained the training schedule, orientation manuals, policy handbooks, physicals, and their mandatory medicate tests. On May, cardinal-sixth, Carl began to look over the new hires files, and realized all the missing typographywork that needed to be completed.None of their drug tests had been completed, and Carl could receive three orientation manuals all missing pages. The last thing that pushed Carl over the edge was when he passed by the trainin g get on and detect all the computers that were set up the training room. That is when Joe informed him Carl had the room uncommunicative for the entire month Key Problems/ Cause of problems Carl Robbins has several different problems at this point, but they all began with one root problem and over sequence got worse. The root problem that could have made a huge residue it if never happened is chit-chated procrastination.According to Psychology Today. com, everyone procrastinates from period to time, but about twenty percent of people deliberately avoid tasks that can be ambitious and look more for some kind of distraction. It also states that procrastination plays a large role in our fences with self-control and our ability to predict how we are going to feel tomorrow, or even the following days (Psychologytoday. com). Because Carl chose to procrastinate, umteen other problems branched off from the main problem. Things like non make certain that all the mandatory drug t ests were completed, or an appointment frame-up for them.Not having all their new hire files complete, or the manuals ready for orientation, not even having a training room for orientation. The causes of all these problems were procrastination, poor time care skill, and lack of preparation. Due to Carls procrastination, poor time management skills, and lack of preparation it has not only cause more straining on him, but he is going to need guidance from his imprint on the best way to fix the problem. Possible Solutions to the Problem First, a list should be made of all the problems then each problem can be addressed separately. The lists of problems are as followed 1. shillyshally 2. neither applications 3. Incomplete orientation Manuals 4. No training room for orientation 5. authorization drug tests Procrastination is a problem that many people struggle to overcome. According to Carol Halsey the Founder and President of Business Organizing Solutions, he state the four main re ason that people procrastinate is because of poor habits, expression overwhelmed, trying to be perfect, and would rather be doing something else (powerhomebiz. com). Here are 10 tips that Carl and many other people could try that will him them stop procrastinating 1.1 Keep perfectionism in check, make a list but not one that is imposable to accomplish. 2. 2 Get quick things out of the way, try doing all the small things on the list first. 3. Take small steps, break things stamp out into small projects so you dont get overwhelmed. 4. Reward yourself, as you accomplish small goals al shipway reward yourself, it can become motivation. 5. Do the easy things first, try to do the easy things first so you dont get overwhelmed. 6. Alternatively, maybe do the hard things first, try getting the hard things out of the way first? 7. Be an optimist, all ways stay positive, see the good things about the situation 8.Do not let temptations fuel you, do not let things like TV, and your phone dist ract you. 9. Use your energy wisely, Try to tackle your list when you have to most energy 10. Find support from others, if you are having trouble with something ask for encourage (Stressabout. com) The next problem that inescapably to be addressed make sure that the new hires have completed all of their application. This problem is not a difficult one to fix. After going through all the files, set aside the ones that need to be finished. Give them a call and set up a time in the next workweek to have them finish fill all the proper paper work out.I order to fix the next problem Carl needs to find a manual that does not have any missing pages. whiz way to try to locate one is give out a mass email and mark it as urgent, communicate your fellow employees for fortune you locate it. Once you get your hands on one that is complete. fashioning the copies should be a breeze. Now that Carl knows the training is not available, he needs to find a room big enough to fit 16 people. Aga in never be afraid to ask for help for others to help fix things. Sending out emails or asking around is a good tool that needs to be utilized.If all else fells Carl could always call his local library and see if they have a training room use. Mandatory drug tests are one of the first things that need to be taken care of. Most pre- employment drug testing sites officiate on a first come first serve basis. When you send someone for a drug test there is a paper that is filled out by the employer that they will need to take will them. The person taking the test will need to make sure they have their identification that shows who they are. The best plan of action that Carl should take is first to call the fifteen people and tell them he needs them to flirt at his office at eight A.M. the following morning. At that point, he can finish all the paper work needed and send them for their drug test. Then he needs to send out emails asking about a training room, and the orientation manuals. Wish a little(a) help from his fellow co-workers he should not have a problem completing those tasks Conclusion It is important when given a task to set up a plan and stick to it. If you procrastinate like has done, and many others people. You will find yourself stressed out and rushing to get everything completed.let this be a lesson that it is important to stay on task and not wait until the last minute to try to get things done. After culture this case study now can understand the problems Carl encountered, what he did violate that caused those problems, and different ideas to fix the problems and not make the same mistakes in the future. References Procrastination How To Stop Procrastination, retrieved from, http//stress. about. com/od/Stress-Management-How-To/ht/How-To-Stop-Procrastination-10-Tips-To-Try. htm Psych Basics Procrastination retrieved from, http//www. psychologytoday. com/basics/procrastination.

God Sees the Truth but Waits Essay

* In the town of Vladimir lived a merchant named Ivan Dmitrich Aksionov along with his family.* angiotensin converting enzyme summer, Aksionov planned to go to the Nizhny Fair to sell all his respectables barely was stopped by his wife who told him to go another day because she had a bad dream around him wherein he took off his cap and his cop was quite gray.* Aksionov did not heed his wifes plea and go on on to his journey.* When he had reached the halfway point, he met a fellow merchant who he knew and they stayed at the same inn for the night, drinking tea unneurotic and short sleeping in adjoining rooms.* As it was not his habit to sleep late and wanting to leave before it became too warm, he left(p) the inn before dawn.Rising Action* When he had gone close 25 miles, he stopped at another inn to rest, convey a samovar be heated and for his horses to be fed as well.* Suddenly, a troika drove up to the inn, followed by two soldiers who came to him and asked him who he wa s, where he came from, where he stayed the night and if he was alone or with a fellow-merchant.* Aksionov lay down out from the police-officer of the district that the other merchant was put together with his throat cut.* The soldiers searched his things and set in motion a blood-stained knife in his bag.* Aksionov was too nervous to answer the police-officers questions of why he had the knife in his bag so they fake that it was guilt and he was taken into their custody and brought to the tightly fittingest town to be im prisoned.* Enquiries were done to investigate his character which found him to be a good man unless when the trial came on, he was charged with removeing the merchant from Ryazan and robbing him of xx thousand rubles.* His wife was able to visit him in prison with their children but in the end was also one of the people who suspected him of doing the crime.* Aksionov, liveliness that no one believed him, gave up all hope and glowering to paragon and trust ed Him with everything.* For 26 years, he lived as a convict in Siberia where his hair became white and his beard grew long, thin and gray.* The prison authorities like him for his meekness and they along with his fellow-prisoners respected him enough to be given the style of Grandfather and The Saint.* One day, a fresh gang of convicts came to the prison and one of them was Makar Semyonich.* After overhearing several conversations, Aksionov was convinced that Semyonich is the man who committed the murder for which he was accused of, causing him to feel anger so long that he longed for vengeance. He prayed and prayed but found no peace from it.* One night, as he was walking about the prison he found out that Semyonich was creating a tunnel with the help of the other prisoners under the ledge by stuffing the earth into their high-boots.* The tunnel was found out by the prison officials and was investigated by the guards and the Governor. All the prisoners who knew would not betray Semyonich for they knew that he would be flogged almost to death.Climax* The Governor, knowing that Aksionov was a just and fair man, turned to him and asked him who dug the hole but Aksionov, even though he treasured revenge against Semyonich, spoke out that it is not his place to speak about the tunnel.Falling Action* That night, Makar, moved by Aksionovs protection of him, went near him and begged for his forgiveness and revealed the truth to him.* Aksionov forgave Semyonich and while doing so felt his heart elevate lighter and the feeling of longing to go home left him.* Makar wherefore told the truth of the murder to the officials but when the order for his release came, Aksionov was already dead.

Lmt 100

AIFAA HUSNA BINTI ASHARI 112542 LMT 100 / 44 LECTURER PUAN ZURAIDAH ABU BAKAR Question 1 (a) If I was Sivasothie, I will disapprove the pose coupling made by my family because I know that arranged marriage will not last longer even though it was parent choice. There were lack of revel and respect between married man and wife when we married with someone which we do not know well. Furthermore, thither was also the danger of arranged marriage which the economize will get along violent towards his wife and to be worse the wife was too hydrophobic to speak out. In Sivasothies situation, her future husband was materialistic.As he works as a doctor, the value of circumstances that he valued was too high that cannot be afford by Sivasothie, plus he did not wanted to be considerate with her family at all. In this case, it shows that a woman pride was very low because she cannot afford to pay the dowry for the man, just because of the arranged marriage made by their family. Question 1 (b) If I was the American girl, I will have a backward talk with my husband to improve our relationship. Maybe it was hard to have a slow talk as my husband was too cold, but I will try to change and improve the situation to write my marriage or else my relationship with him will become worse.The love between us is fading and it will die if I do not homecoming any action on it. A marriage with no love was meaningless because we were living with our partner everyday and there will be lack of intimacy. It was okay if our husband was not care about us too much. We do not have to be emotional towards our husband because it will destroy the marriage that we build. Hence, we need to make things better and save the marriage from divorced. Tolerate between each other is important so that our relationship will last longer.

Evaluate the benefits of self managed learning to the individual and organisation Essay

What do you clear by the principles of Diversity?I understand that principles of Diversity atomic number 18 our avouch rules that we create not to get driven away from achieving our goals by some(prenominal) of the m any existing aspects of our life like culture, friendships, health or rest home problems. Anything thats happening in our lives is affecting us in a good or bad way. Because of this its important that we set our principles to stomach on track and motivate ourselves. Therefore we have to respect our rules and conserve them in bid to make our goals come true and be successful. In my understanding thats what principles of Diversity mean and every one of us set them differently.How do you think the principle can affect your goals?Principles are often affecting our goals, changing thetime of achievementor tot anyy changing the goal itself by changing the circumstances of a life. I would like to use a government rules.Because of this states principles that gives us ch ance to study by granting people at any date with financial foster we can educate ourselves. Unfortunately not all countries create as many opportunities and when I was eighteen years grey I couldnt study as it costs big make sense of money that I cannot afford and I wasnt entitle to any financial help. Therefore I have choose to leave my country of origin to pursue further education.This indicates that principles of my country arent suitable to help me achieve my goals, which were to finish college and go to dance school by this time, sort of I just started college. That shows how my goals changed timely and some of them are unachievable ascribable to circumstances. Neverthelesswe should try the hardest to be successful and reach out for the opportunities.

Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 10

November 6, 1864Damon is clog, though it looks he was never reliablely g maven. He has been watching me, baiting me, controlling me. He is the puppet headwaiter and I am his hapless(prenominal) marionette, forced to do his bidding.Until I motto Damon, I had non realized fair(a) how fond I had bend of the Sutherlands, of how they eased my loneliness and gave me hope that I might not befuddle to live in exile. Though I knew I had to leave them, I had da cherry to hope that by proving I could stay in control or so them, my journey through this world might ultimately be less solitary. further Damon knows me only too well. He might admit compelled the Sutherlands to bestow me, but he didnt compel me to stay in their presence. I could have s lipped out this morning, could have run hit in the park, could have disappeared into the mob at the ball. And but I stayed, because, as Damon no doubt predicted, I liked being part of a family again, heretofore if just for a fewer fleeting sidereal days.Damons plan terrifies me precisely because I dont belowstand it. wherefore New York? Why the Sutherlands? Why involve me? If Damon was able to orchestrate e precisething, to so seamlessly weave his commission into the Sutherlands lives and pave the way for my arrival, why stage much(prenominal) a spectacle? Why b otherwise with a marriage? Why not just light upon Winfield to the bank and compel him and the teller to empty his ample accounts? Does he intend to live as a human? Does he need the marriage for legitimacy in New York society? Is he simply intent upon torturing me?Or is on that point something Im missing? both(prenominal) secret aim I cant possibly begin to imagine all told I have are questions. And I fear that the answers wont come until the first-year dead body shows up.Later that Monday afternoon, I stood on the roof decorate of one of the most amazing Federal-style houses ever built. Slim columns supported a soaring porch over a forma l entrance, to which a grand, curved channel rolled up as royally as a red carpet. From casement to cornice every detail was thoughtfully considered and never overdone. The dining room, ample and oval, was (as near as I could tell) exactly the alike(p) as the one in the White House. The White House. In our new capital. Thats the sort of brand the Commandants House was, as befitted the man who looked after the Brooklyn Naval Yards.What it lacked in size and modern touches (such as the Sutherlands residence), it more than make up for in utterly manicured lawns, a fine orchard, and a spectacular view of Manhattan. The property was perched approximately on a cliff surveying the East River and the city that was under the Navys protection. Commodore Matthew Perry himself had lived there earlier. I sighed at its magnificence.No, Brid bewitch said, shaking her head decisively and mien back d havestairs, picking up the train of her skirts in a very businesslike way.Her little entoura ge followed, laughing good-naturedly.Its too white, joked Bram.Its too small, added Hilda.But its incredible The views The size The I said. Whats wrong with this one?Placement. Its in Brooklyn, Bridget said, except acknowledging her fiance. No one goes to Brooklyn to be married.Winfield and his wife looked at each other with old love, clearly remembering their own hook up with. Apparently it had been quite gloomy he had not made his fortune yet. Neither one of them had minded. And yet they were willinging to indulge their youngest daughter in her most expensive flights of fancy.Lydia smiled and murmured something to Damon, who wasnt rattling paying attention. She didnt mind where she was married. While it was to be a double get with us two happy couples tying the knot at the same time, she had graciously allowed her sister to decide all the details.The Sutherlands were at least nominally Episcopal, but apparently neither Damons nor my religion, or lack thereof, was a bother, nor was a proper church necessary to the proceedings a family chapel a very rich familys chapel would be enough. Bridget was very modern that way.So why did we bother fooling those mansions on Prospect Park? Margaret muttered. If Brooklyn is out, I mean.I rather liked the one with all the Romanesque arches, I said, glowing to get this portion of the sham weddings out of the way.Fear not, brother, Damon said, chucking me on the shoulder. precisely four more to go. Back in Manhattan.We clattered down the steep, wooden, and rather old-hat(predicate) stairs to the ground floor, thanking the butler for letting us in. Then it was a walk back down to the Fulton Ferry landing, where a boat would take us across to a veritable caravan of carriages for the long uptown commute.This would be a nice place for an ice cream parlor, Lydia remarked, travel around the dock pensively.You want an ice cream? Damon asked, as if to a four-year-old.If being with Bridget was bad enough, with me consta ntly cringing at the things that came out of her mouth, the anxious(p) tension of waiting for Damon to say or do something horrible was even worse. I was on pins and needles the entire day. Because Damon would say something horrible, at some point, to Lydia, as soon as he tired of playing the game of absorbed suitor. His attention span for games other than ones he was betting on was fabulously limited.Yes, Lydia said. And theres no ice cream here. And there should be.Wont matter, Bridget said, trying to add something recyclable to the conversation. Soon theres going to be a giant bridge and this will all be shaded off and there wont be anything except for brazen- calculated carriages and the stink of horses.Bram, the original source of this information, shook his head. No, Bridgey, the angle is fine. Look where the sunlightniness is I leaned on a dock railing, surveying our little party. The girls in this setting looked like a scene from a painting, the four ladies cheeks red with sunlight and the exertion of the day, the long ribbons from their straw hats blowing in the wind, their fluffy move skirts swept up against their legs by the sea breeze. They were all beautiful, and for just a moment I could forget my present situation.Margaret bought a paper from a newsboy to read on the trip over. It was a fine day for a boat ride and strangely the East River didnt repel me the way rattling running water usually did. Bridget went to sit down at bottom the ferry, not wanting any more sun on her skin, which was teetotal and hilarious considering my own situation. I was relaxing for the first time that day, my face up to the sun, letting my Mediterranean skin take on a bronzed, healthy glow.And then Margaret plopped down in the seat next to me.You seem to be at least a bit more sane than the other fiance, Margaret snapped. Tell me. What do you want with my family. Money? The business? What?I groaned inwardly. You have to believe me, I said, fixing her b lue eyes with my own hazel ones. Without compelling her, I willed my voice to sound as genuine as I could. I took her arms in my oversteps, which was bold, but I needed her to understand. I am not after Bridgets wealth. completely I want is your familys safety and happiness. I swear to you by whatever you want.Thats just the problem. I dont know what your intelligence information is worth. I dont know you. Nobody knows you, Margaret said. Sighing, she took off her hat. Its just so odd. I can see why Bridget likes you, youre sure enough handsome and well-mannered.I cast my eyes down, embarrassed.But really no papers, no history, just an escapee of the South? This is Bridget were talking just closely. She wanted soda pop to take us all on a tour of atomic number 63 so she could capture the heart of a king, or prince, or at least a duke. Nothing less than royalty for her. And no offense, youre or so as far from royalty as one can get.Well, and Lydia got her count, I suppose.Ye s, Margaret said thoughtfully. She eyed me, pushing a black tendril of hair back behind her ear. And what about Damon DeSangueI shrugged, trying to look innocent.What do you deliberate of him? The two of you have been unusually close since your double declarations of love.I stared into the aloofness south, where the mighty Hudson and East rivers joined and became the sea. I shaded the city from my eyes, blocking it out, and the sun was bright white and rose over ancient, exotic waters.How much could I tell her without endangering her? She seemed to be the only one in the family with a sure head on her shoulders. I thought once more about Katherine and whether my family would have been better prepared with some warning.Dont trust him, I finally admitted, hoping I wasnt putting her at greater risk. I dont.Hm. She looked over at Damon, who was talking animatedly with Bram and Winfield. Neither do I.Bridget had chosen the next few venues to visit as far away as it was possible to ge t from where we were. The mansion of the Richards was near Fort Tryon on the northern tip of Manhattan, tour the Fulton Ferry dock was at the southeastern end.The slow ride in our carriages from downtown gave me an virtually panopticons view of city life. Slowly going up Fifth Avenue, I was amazed by the sheer difference in fortune of the people who made their home in New York from the lots shoeless newsboys and schmatta, or rag-sellers, to people like Winfield, who sat in his gilded private carriage, puffing on a cigar.We stopped for lunch about halfway there at the Mount Vernon Hotel on Sixty-first Street, where Bridget continued to talk over her outfit for the wedding. and Darla had her dress in muslin, out of respect for the war, but its almost over, and I think I should have a new couple on of earrings, dont you, Papa? Stefan, darling, there is the most fantastic pair of pearl earringsDamon percipient his throat. Bridget, you should absolutely have new earrings. And your outfit sounds good enough to eat, dont you agree, Stefan?I stood up from the table, unable to enjoy the nice repast of cold chicken, fresh bread, fish, and tea that had been set before us, and unable to listen to another word of my fiancees mindless prattling or my brothers endless teasing.I must go take some air, I excused myself, and would have stumbled over the bench on my speedy way out if I didnt have the grace of a vampire. I should not have been exhausted Id endured far worse. Living athirst(p) in the middle of Central Park and hunting small fertilize was far more physically demanding than sitting in a carriage, looking for at houses, and listening to the youngest member of the Sutherland family babble on about empty things. But as I had not fed since the squirrel the day before, I was famished and weak, as if I was enduring a transatlantic journey.A quick, silent trip to the kitchens revealed exactly what I had hoped rats, of course. Not too many, and in general in th e breezeway between the cold house and the pantry. With a flash of my hand I grabbed one and broke its neck, sucking the poor thing dry, all without losing control. It was easy, with such disgusting fare.A low noise, a muffled sigh, made me turn and look up guiltily, rat blood leaking down my lips.Damon stood there holding a waitress around her throat, fangs out and ready to feast. She had the dumb, some breathless look of someone who was under a spell.I see we both slipped out for the same thing, Damon said, pleased. He raised a lip in disgust at the rat in my hand. Although, really, you can do better.He lifted his head back, ready to tear Please dont I put up my hand helplessly. Please dont kill her, I begged.Damon paused. All right, he said gamely. I wont kill her. As an early wedding present Just for you.I closed my eyes, seeing the horror of the approaching before me. By implying he wasnt going to kill this girl, as a present, there was the assumption that there would of cour se be other murders, later(prenominal) on.

Management Info Systems Midterm

Jacqueline Soto Midterm Information Systems I 1) A 2) A 3) B 4) A 5) A 6) C 7) D 8) C 9) C 10) C 11) B 12) D 13) D 14) B 15) A 16) A 17) C 18) D 19) A 20) D 21) B 22) C 23) B 24) B 25) A Essay Questions 26. You work for an auto manufacturer and distributor. How could you use information systems to achieve greater customer intimacy? You could create a website that allows customers to built their car to their satisfaction.You could besides implement a forum where customers could transfer with other customers some any questions or concerns they may accept and also talk to support personnel. You could also create an automated system that reminds customers ab step up scheduled maintenance routines and such. 31. What do you consider to be the primary ethical, social, and political sympathiesal final results regarding information system quality? Privacy, Accuracy, Property & Accessibility. 32. How do you think our government should handle the political issue of mesh decency and acc ess limitations?In my opinion, the Internet is way too extensive to try and manage or regulate. in that respect atomic number 18 always going to be ways to share secure information and breach access limitations. The Internet has definitely gotten way out of hand when it comes to music videos, music, software, ect. I think they should just stop move to limit the users because they will find one way or a nonher(prenominal) to share new material. 33. What are the functions of management? Briefly ExplainFunctions of management are to discover decisions and to formulate actions plans to solve organizational problems. They also have to make sure the company is efficient. 34. What is the difference between a risk and an issue? A risk is a future event that may have an impact on budget, scope, and schedule. An issue is a current problem that is not a risk because it has already happened and has influenced the budget, scope, and schedule. Bonus Question What are the keys to managerial e ffectiveness and how does IT support them?Give an example of each. Efficiency Doing the right things. IT supports by automating routine tasks. (Scheduling a bread and butter of ex diversity on the server every Monday at 600pm) Effectiveness Doing the right things right. IT helps managers identify opportunities. (Make sure the backup ran properly and test to see if the backup is complete) Transformation Using IT to change the way you do business. Transforming the product or service being delivered. (You gouge do the testing remotely by using rdp)

Fish Bone Chart Essay

ABSTRACTThe experiment aims to analyze the causes of each problem (effect) identified in altogether eggs and mayonnaise products during manufacturing and treat through the use of fish-bone plats or Ishikawa diagrams (cause and effect diagrams).Addition totallyy, dispersion compendium and work out smorgasbord type fish-bone diagrams were used. The result of the experiment showed that dish up smorgasbord diagram is more effective in pinpointing specific causes of error/ problems thus ease more in formulation of disciplinal actions to be taken. However, dispersion analysis concentrates more in analyzing the general nucleotide causes of the errors/ problems, thus fails to identify youngster causes of the problems.I. INTRODUCTIONA fish-bone diagram, also known as Ishikawa diagram or a cause-and-effect diagram, is an organized tool that helps manufacturers in identifying the realistic causes of quality problems (Forman, 2001). This optical tool is also used for organizing possibl e causes of defect in diverse categories. It has angled lines, or the bones, which represents a possible cause of error. each(prenominal) bone can have sub-bones which contains bring forward details about a possible cause of error. The bones ar joined together in a singular straight line that describes the main defect. This outline gives a shape similar to the bones of a fish, hence the name fishbone map as seen in Figure 1.Figure 1. Fishbone Diagram (Cinergix Ltd, undated)There be three main types of fishbone diagrams namely, the dispersion analysis type, product motion miscellany type, and the cause enumeration type. The dispersion analysis type organizes and fixs the factors that result in the difference among the product and other processoutcomes. The toil process classification type is made by making the steps in the production process be the major ribs of the fishbone diagram. It focuses on each step of the process to determine all possible causes of the error. In t he cause enumeration type, all possible causes that results to the defect is determined and then organized to show the relationships to the tone of product of process quality that is being examined (Florac, 1999).II. METHODOLOGYPrior to the exercise, the concourse identified and listed possible defects in both eggs and mayonnaise. One possible defect was then chosen for each the raw material (eggs) and the end product (mayonnaise). The possible defects chosen were cracked eggshells and unst able-bodied emulsion for the raw material and finished product, respectively. The group then constructed two types of fishbone diagrams ( sprinkling Analysis and influence Classification) for each of the chosen possible defects by identifying and writing its main causes and further causes in the diagram. The diagrams were then analyzed by the group to determine the root cause of the defects and to identify and suggest corrective actions to eliminate it. The effectiveness and capacity of the corrective actions were also considered and analyzed. The group then presented the diagrams to the class.III. SUMMARY OF RESULTS(See Appendix)IV. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTSDispersion analysis and process classification type of fishbone diagrams are used in the analyzation of the causes of the problems identified. Dispersion analysis cause and effect diagrams are structured in much(prenominal) a way that the factors contributing to the problem under say are classified into the standard six which are manpower, methods, materials, measurement, operators, and environments. Process classification diagrams on the other hand are structured in such a way that the factors are classified according to steps heterogeneous in the process (Brassard and Ritter, 1994). In the case of mayonnaise, some of the steps are sifting, mixing and filling. In terms of emphasis, dispersion analysis CE diagrams are advantageous in such a way that it helps organize and relate the factors that lead up to the pr oblem.However its drawback is that it may fail to identify humble causes that maybe overlooked (Omachonu & Ross, 2005). On the other hand, the advantage of process classification CE diagrams is that is easier to create because it follows the process in a product. However, verbiage may occur. Process classification is often used when the problem encountered cannot be isolated into a single department (Basu, 2011). An example of which is faulty milling machinery workers which may be a reoccurring problem in all steps.This makes it grievous to pin point what corrective action should be performed (Omachonu & Ross, 2005). Based on the exercise, it was observed that the use of process classification CE diagrams are more effective in being able to identify the specific causes of errors at heart a process however dispersion analysis CE diagrams were able to pinpoint general root causes of the problem by narrowing guttle the sources of errors into the standard six. General corrective a ctions can be generated use dispersion analysis CE diagrams but process specific corrective actions can be generated from process classification CE diagramsV. REFERENCESBasu, R. (2011). Fit sigma A lean approac to building stustaiable quality beyond six sigma. (1st ed., p. 71). UK John WIley and Sons Ltd.Brassard, M. and D. Ritter. (1994) The retentiveness Jogger II A Pocket Guide of Tools for Continuous Improvement & effective Planning ,Methuen, MA Goal/QPC. Accessed via http//www.goalqpc.comCinergix Ltd. (n.d.). Graphic Organizer Templates. Retrieved January 3, 2012, from Creately http//creately.com/examples/Graphic-Organizer-TemplatesFlorac, W. C. (1999). Measuring the software program Process Statistical Process Control for Software Process Improvement. Indianopolis Addison-Wesley Professional.Forman, E. S. (2001). ratiocination by Objectives How to Convince Others That You Are Right. Washington World Scientific. Omachonu, V. K., & Ross , J. E. (2005). Principles of totaly quality. (3rd ed., p. 265). New York CRC PRess.

Financial Analysis of Oil Marketing Companies

? synopsis OF OIL AND GAS MARKETING SECTOR- AN OVERVEW OF ITS GROWTH OVER THE LAST cinque YEARS (2001 2005) AUTHOR Akhlaq Ahmad Enroll No. 111031-004 Cell no 03215008455 BBA-6 (Morning) executive curriculum Mr. Musbashir Sadiq Bahria Institute of Management & Computer Sciences, Bahria University Shangrila Road, sphere E-8, Islamabad ABSTRACT Pakistans parsimony is undergoing signifi back tootht morphological changes since 1999-2000. The watercourse GDP suppuration is accelerating e very(prenominal)where the fail tail fin days. Over the abutting quin old age, 7-8 percent development is targeted to be sustained, which give demand a huge rise in the sinew intention.The energy field in Pakistan comprises of fossil embrocate colour, inborn blow reveal, power (hydro and nuclear) and coal. The coarse crude oil and gas vault of heaven has a lot of probable in Pakistan. Pakistan is classify as low priority by foreign investors because of the unstable stinting a nd semipolitical situation. However, efforts atomic number 18 macrocosm make by the Government to capture investment in the oil and gas ara, by various incentives more than(prenominal) as liberal granting of exploration licenses, restructuring and reform of the oil and gas sectors, deregulating of prices, and privatization of selected assets.The reform has enhance transp arncy, making finish makers aware of the various The documentary of this thesis is to analyze whether the fossil oil and gasconade sector in Pakistan has in reality wined and whether there are meliorate opportunities for investment and growth in this sector now than there were in the past. For the purpose of determining the purport of growth in the inunct and splatter Sector, quaternion oil color and Gas trade Companies (O&GMC) were selected and their fiscal education analyzed over a period of five days (2001 2005). monetary information relevant to the sample companies was gathered fr om wee-wee accounts of the companies, in their annual reports. This data was condensed and summed up for the four companies and presented in tables and thus employ for analytic thinking. The results were held to be representative of the entire inunct Marketing Sector and seem to show a pronounced trend of growth in the fiscal indicators reveal that there has been a marked improvement in the growth of this industry. ACKNOWLEDGMENT First of any I am very much thankful to ALLAH ALMIGHTY, who gave me strength & power to complete this task expeditiously & effectively.I am in like manner very much thankful to my parents who gave me the staple knowledge of how to read & write, who excessively prayed for me either time, especially in the moment of exact & trouble. Thanks to my to the senior highest degree prestigious Supervisor Mr. Mubashir Sadik for providing me guidelines for each & every aspect. Thanks to Mr. Abdul Ahad Maud and Mr. Faisal Subhan who were very cooperative and con ramp localize during the whole period of data collection. I am also very grateful to all those who helped me & gave me up-to-date information or any some other information regarding this summary man completing this task. Thank you in anticipation.DADICATION TO MY LOVING PARENTS assert board OF CONTENTS ABSTRACTi ACKNOWLEDGMENTiii DADICATIONiv TABLE OF CONTENTSv inclination OF TABLESvi LIST OF FIGURESix CHAPTER 11 INTRODUCTION1 un detail both(prenominal)er Area/Background1 Rationale5 Problem relegatement6 Objectives of the learn7 Research Questions8 Limitations9 CHAPTER 210 LITERATURE REVIEW10 CHAPTER 315 METHOD15 Procedure17 CHAPTER 421 RESULTS AND handling21 CHAPTER 566 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION66 Conclusion66 Recommendations 68 GLOSSARY 69 REFERENCES73 LIST OF TABLES circuit card 4. 1 Pakistan pronounce Oil federation express ratio Sheets (2001-2005)21 elude 4. Pakistan State Oil alliance peculiar(a) Income controversys (2001-2005)22 display boa rd 4. 3 Pakistan State Oil office staffy control perpendicular popular size of sense of equilibrium Sheets (2001-2005)23 mesa 4. 4 Pakistan State Oil divorcey exceptional unsloped Common size of it of Income instruction (2001-2005)24 get across 4. 5 Pakistan State Oil confederation particular(a) swimming Common surface of rest Sheets (2001-2005)25 bow 4. 6 Pakistan State Oil family Limited plane Common size of it of Income statement (2001-2005)27 Table 4. 7 eccentric Pakistan Limited parallelism Sheets (2001-2005)28 Table 4. Shell Pakistan Limited Income educational activitys (2001-2005)29 Table 4. 9 Shell Pakistan Limited Vertical Common size of symmetry Sheets (2001-2005)30 Table 4. 10 Shell Pakistan Limited Vertical Common Size of Income Statements (2001-2005)31 Table 4. 11 Shell Pakistan Limited flat Common Size of Balance Sheets (2001-2005)32 Table 4. 12 Shell Pakistan Limited naiant Common Size of Income Statements (2001-2005)34 Table 4. 13 Sui N orthern Gas Pipelines Limited Balance Sheets (2001-2005)35 Table 4. 14 Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited Income Statements (2001-2005)36 Table 4. 5 Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited Vertical Common Size of Balance Sheets (2001-2005)37 Table 4. 16 Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited Vertical Common Size of Income Statements (2001-2005)38 Table 4. 17 Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited Horizontal Common Size of Balance Sheets (2001-2005)39 Table 4. 18 Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited Horizontal Common Size of Income Statements (2001-2005)40 Table 4. 19 Sui grey Gas Company Balance Sheets (2001-2005)41 Table 4. 20 Sui Southern Gas Company Income Statements (2001-2005)42 Table 4. 1 Sui Southern Gas Company Vertical Common Size of Balance Sheets (2001-2005)43 Table 4. 22 Sui Southern Gas Company Vertical Common Size of Income Statements (2001-2005)44 Table 4. 23 Sui Southern Gas Company Horizontal Common Size of Balance Sheets (2001-2005)45 Table 4. 24 Sui Southern Gas Company Horizon tal Common Size of Income Statements (2001-2005)46 Table 4. 25 Oil and Gas Marketing Sector Consolidated Balance Sheets (PSO, Shell, SNGPL, SSGC) (2001-2005)47 Table 4. 26 Oil and Gas Marketing Sector Consolidated Income Statement (PSO, Shell, SNGPL, SSGC) (2001-2005)48 Table 4. 7 Oil and Gas Marketing Sector Vertical Common Size of Balance Sheet (PSO, Shell, SNGPL, SSGC) (2001-2005)49 Table 4. 28 Oil and Gas Marketing Sector Vertical Common Size of Income Statement (PSO, Shell, SNGPL, SSGC) (2001-2005)51 Table 4. 29 Oil and Gas Marketing Sector Horizontal Common Size of Consolidated Balance Sheet (PSO, Shell, SNGPL, SSGC) (2001-2005)52 Table 4. 30 Oil and Gas Marketing Sector Horizontal Common Size of Consolidated Income Statement (PSO, Shell, SNGPL, SSGC) (2001-2005)53 Table 4. 31 Important figures to be used in the calculating the ratios54 Table 4. 2 Ratios for measuring the Liquidity of the sector 55 Table 4. 33 Ratios for measuring the extensive line Debt gainful Ability57 T able 4. 34 Ratios for measuring the profit competency of the sector59 Table 4. 35 Ratios of the bar of the market value of the sector63 LIST OF FIGURES cast 4. 1 Ratios for measuring the foresightful bourn Debt remunerative(a) Ability55 Figure 4. 2 Ratios for measuring the capacious limit Debt Paying Ability57 Figure 4. 3 Ratios for measuring the Long boundary Debt Paying Ability59 Figure 4. 4 Ratios for measuring the Long Term Debt Paying Ability61 Figure 4. Ratios for measuring the Long Term Debt Paying Ability63 Figure 4. 6 Graphs to limit the growth of the oil & gas merchandising companies65 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Broad Problem Area/Background It is universally recognized that energy is virtuoso of the most important inputs for scotch growth and national development. The purpose of energy is unrivalled of the critical indicators of the level of development of any country. Developed countries use to a greater extent energy per unit of economic output and far more ene rgy per capita than developing countries.Economic growth is the key to this situation and for economic growth we need energy. Pakistans economy is undergoing profound structural changes since 1999-2000. The real GDP growth is accelerating over the last five grades. Over the next five twelvemonths, 7-8 percent growth is targeted to be sustained, which will demand a huge rise in the energy use. The energy sector in Pakistan comprises of oil, inbred gas, power (hydro and nuclear) and coal. The total primary energy supplies measured in terms of oil equivalent (toe) stood at 50. billion tonnes in 2003-04. Oil and gas account for nearly 80% of the energy sector of Pakistan with oil and gas being 29. 9 percent and 49. 7 percent respectively. In order to measure the growth of the energy sector the best legate might be to evaluate the achievement of the oil selling companies. As these are the companies which are not only selling the oil establish products which meet the major needs of the energy in Pakistan but also these companies are dealing in the recently do popular besotted Natural Gas.As this Oil and Gas sector represents more than 80% of the energy consumed in Pakistan so the companies which are dealing with the marketing of these fuels need to be assessed for their m unmatchedtary functioning and results in the past few years. If these companies are showing growth we might assume that the energy sector is evolution and the economy is on the right path. The first gas field was observe in at Sui in 1952 and provides the basis for Pakistans extensive gas net act. Pakistan imports natural oil (it only produces 17% to 20% of what it needs), however is self sufficient in natural gas.Of the companies that are being researched in the present champaign, Pakistan State Oil Company Limited (PSOCL) and Shell Pakistan are the main planks in the oil industry. Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited (SNGPL) and Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC), distributes major bunch of the natural gas. Pakistan declared 1997-98 an Oil and Gas category. As a result of offering incentives to potential investors, including foreign companies, many $2. 5 billion of investment was attracted. Oil and Gas Consumption Figures? Oil Consumption (In tones) 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 17,768,000 17,648,000 16,950,000 6,542,000 13,421,000 Gas Consumption 2003 ( In mmcft) 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 712,001 768,068 872,604 872,264 1,051,418 Consumption of oil and gas has been fairly steady through with(predicate)out the 1990s with the gas consumption change magnitude at a rate of 4. 9 percent while the oil consumption increasing at a reasonably reduced rate of 2. 5 percent. Until 1999, the organization tightly controlled the oil and gas industries of Pakistan. No decision could be made without referring to the high authorities, and when decisions were made, they were often based on political as opposed to economic considerations.Since earl y 2000, an ambitious pro-market reform program is being implemented, and gradually, the straightjacket under which the industry used to operate is being dismantled. As a result, the sector has changed dramatically over the last five years, and Pakistan now leads South Asia in sector reform (Economic Survey of Pakistan, 2004-05). The government actions project focused on promoting private investments in the upstream, deregulating most of the market for petroleum products, establishing a regulatory agency for the gas sector, and introducing market-related price caps for petroleum products.The governments long term goal is to create a competitive, efficiently-run, monetaryly smooth, and a immensely privatized oil and gas sector providing supplies to a large share of population. It is important to note that a structural shift is taking place since 2000-01. The last five years get to seen a positive trend towards greater gas consumption and a negative trend in the petroleum products consumption. Substantial progress has been made in the restructuring and reform of the oil and gas sectors, deregulation of prices, and privatization of selected assets.The reform has enhanced transparency, making decision makers aware of the various aspects of the line of merchandise. Rationale Oil and Gas is an important sector in Pakistan economy and it largely affects the GDP of Pakistan, wherefore there is a great emphasis on exploration and marketing. The consumption of Oil was 16. 45 trillion tonnes in 2002-3 and consumption of gas was 872,264 meg cubic feet. The acceleration in growth of energy consumption is not surprising when seen against a 15. 4 percent growth in large scale manufacturing and an 8. 5 percent growth in real GDP. high consumption of energy simply reflects the rising of economic activity in a country. Oil and natural gas are an integral part of the everyday life. Not only do they make the economy move, they passionateness and cool our homes and provid e electricity. A large number of products are made from oil and gas, including plastics, life-saving medications, art silk, cosmetics, and many other items you whitethorn use daily. correct from Strategic point and defense view point Pakistan is dependent on oil and gas. Problem StatementOil and gas sector of Pakistan has changed dramatically over the last five years and Pakistan now leads South Asia in sector reform. The endeavors made to improver the oil and gas supplies need to be analyzed and companies encouraged. With this premise in mind four, Oil and Gas marketing companies own been selected to analyze their financial deed that would also indicate their success. Objectives of the reading The objective of research study is to analyze the growth and development of the Oil and Gas Marketing Sector in Pakistan.Currently according to the instrument panel of Investment of Pakistan there are 26 (local and international) companies operating in upstream, 7 trim backriver compa nies, and 4 refineries. The focus of this analytic thinking is on the progress of downstream companies that are based in Pakistan. Four leading downstream companies have been selected and their financial performance studied for a period of five years from 2001 to 2005 to see whether these companies are financially stronger and what their rate of growth is and to determine reasons substructure the growth. Research Questions 1.What is the importance of Oil and Gas sector in Pakistan economy? 2. What is the growth scenario of Oil and Gas Marketing companies in Pakistan? 3. What is the financial performance of the selected Oil and Gas marketing companies during the research period (2001-2005)? 4. What conclusions can be drawn about the industry based on the financial performance of the selected companies? Limitations Limitations This research study has certain limitations that are not easy for the tec to overcome at this level. The general level of inflation has not been familiarised for.Overall prices of oil have cast upd due to unavoidable natural phenomenon like war in Iraq and Hurricane Katrina. The profitability of the oil marketing companies could be due to accession in prices of petroleum and it may not be the true measure of their financial performance. Some secondary data was not easily visible(prenominal) and was very difficult to obtain. As the research resolve was given to the researcher during the semester so the time constraint played its role. contempt time constraint, the researcher has conducted a comprehensive research.The limited make in the research field is also a matter of consideration. This is the first study that goes to researchers credit. Hence, the researcher does not possess any experience in the field. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW The firm itself and distant providers of superior- creditors and investors all undertake financial statement psycho abstract. The type of analysis varies according to the specific pursuits of the party involved. Trade creditors (suppliers owed money for well(p)s and services) are primarily interested in the liquid state of a firm.Their claims are short term, and the ability to pay these claims quick is best judged by an analysis of firms liquidity. The claims of bond bondholders, on the other hand are long-term. Accordingly, bondholders are more interested in the cash flow ability of the firm to service debt over a long period of time. They may evaluate this ability by analyzing the expectant structure of the firm, the major sources and uses and uses of funds, the firms profitability over time, and projections of next profitability over time, and projections of future profitability.The purpose of financial statement analysis is to examine past and current financial data so that a fraternitys performance and financial send can be evaluated and future risks and potential can be estimated. Financial statement analysis can give in valuable information about trends and re lationships, the quality of a corporations earnings, and the strengths and weaknesses of its financial position (Woelfel, 1989). Investors in a connections common stock are principally concerned with present and expected future earnings as well as with the stability of these earnings about a trend line.As a result, investors usually focus on analyzing profitability. They would also be concerned with the firms financial condition insofar as it affects the ability of the firm to pay dividends and avoid bankruptcy. Internally, management also employs financial analysis for the purpose of internal control and to better provide what capital suppliers seek in financial condition and performance from the firm. From an internal control stand point, management needs to undertake financial analysis in order to plan and control effectively.To plan for the future, the financial manager must(prenominal) assess the firms present financial position and evaluates opportunities in relation to thi s current position. With respect to internal control, the financial manager is peculiarly concerned with the return on investment provided by various assets of the company and in the efficiency of asset management. Finally, to bargain effectively for outside funds, the financial manager needs to be attuned to all aspects of financial analysis that outside suppliers of capital use in evaluating the firm (Horne & Wachowicz, 2001).Financial analysis of a company should include an examination of the financial statements of the company, including notes to the financial statements, and the auditors report. The auditors report will state whether the financial statements have been audited in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. The report also indicates whether the statements fairly present the companys financial position, results of operations, and changes in financial position in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Notes to the financial statement s are often more meaningful than the data found at heart the body of the statements.The notes explain the accounting policies of the company and usually provide lucubrate explanations of how those policies were applied along with supporting details. Analysts often compare the financial statements of one company with other companies in the same industry and with the industry in which the company operates as well as with prior year statements of the company being analyzed (Foster, 1999). Comparative financial statements provide analysts with significant information about trends and relationships over two or more years. Comparative statements are more significant for evaluating a company than are single-year statements.The analysis of financial data employs various techniques to emphasize the comparative and relative importance of the data presented and to evaluate the position of the firm. These techniques include ratio analysis, common size analysis, study of difference in componen ts of financial statements among industries, review of descriptive material, and comparisons of result with other types of data. The information derived from these types of analyses should be blended to determine overall position. No one type of analysis supports overall findings or serves all types of users.Financial statement analysis is a judgmental process. One of the primary objectives is identification of major changes (turning points) in trends, amounts and relationships and investigation of the reasons underlying those changes. Often, a turning point may signal an early warning of a significant shift in the future success or failure of the business. The judgment process can be improved by experience and by the use of analytic tools. The components of financial statements, specially the balance sheet and the income statements, will vary by type of industry (Gibson, 1998).Economies all economies run on energy. Energy is unavoidable to produce food and manufacture goods, po wer machines and appliances, transport raw materials and finish products, and provide heat and light. The more energy available to a society, the better its prospects for sustained growth when energy supplies dwindle, economies grind to a halt and the abnormal populations suffer (Klare, 2005). Since World War II, economic growth round the manhood has been fueled largely by abundant supplies of hydrocarbons that is, by petroleum and natural gas.Since 1950, worldwide oil consumption has expectant eightfold, from approximately 10 to 80 million barrels per day gas consumption, which began from a smaller base, has grown even more dramatically. Oil and gas will account for 65% of world energy in 2025, a larger share than at present and because no other source of energy is currently available to replace them, the future health of the global economy rests on our ability to produce and consume more and more of these hydrocarbons (U. S Department of Energy, 2004).petroleum refers to cru de oil and natural gas or simply oil and gas, found in petroleum reservoirs generally thousands of feet below the surface. Exploratory well are drilled to discover petroleum come up, while development wells are drilled to produce a portion of previously detect oil and gas. Estimated volumes of recoverable gas within the reservoir are called oil and gas reserves (Brock, Jennings & Feiten, 1990). The oil and gas sector or the petroleum industry has the following four major segments 1. Exploration and Production r E&P where oil and gas companies explore for underground reservoirs, and produce the discovered oil and gas using drilled wells. This thesis focuses on this sector of the oil and gas industry. 2. Hydrocarbon touch on which includes oil refineries and gas processing plants. 3. Transport, Distribution and Storage by which petroleum is moved from the producing well areas to crude oil refineries and gas processing plants. Oil is moved by crease, truck, ignitor or tanker and N atural gas is moved by pipeline. 4. retail/Marketing which ultimately markets in various ways the refined products.CHAPTER 3 METHOD Sample For the sample selection of four marketing companies, out of the population of 7 companies listed in the KSE, the criteria used were 1. Share superior of the company 2. sales Revenue 3. Distribution data of the companies mingyd on these criteria the four companies selected that are operating in Pakistan were the following Pakistan State Oil Company Limited (PSOCL) Pakistan State Oil Company Limited (PSOCL) is the market attracter in Pakistan having 73% of the share of Black Oil Market and around 59% of the share of White Oil market.It is engaged in the import, storage, diffusion and marketing of various petroleum products including Fuel oil, HSD, Jet Oil, petro-chemicals, LPG and CNG. Shell Pakistan Limited (SPL) The Shell brand name enjoys a cytosine-year history in this part of the world, dating back to 1899. Shell Pakistan has been takin g a keen interest in expanding recently which shows the confidence in the economic growth and progress in the oil and gas sector. Shell is at present authoritative approximately 30% share of the white oil products presently and during the last financial year the Capital Expenditure amounted to Rs 1. billion. Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited (SNGPL) Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited (SNGPL, is the largest integrated gas company suffice more than 2 million consumers in North Central Pakistan through an extensive interlock in Punjab and NWFP. The Company has over 41 years of experience in operation and maintenance of high-pressure gas transmission dodging and distribution systems. It has also expanded its activities to undertake the planning, designing and construction of pipelines, both for itself and other organizations.SNGPL operates in that region of the nation which has a rapidly developing demand for natural gas and power generation due to significant industrial developm ent. Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC) Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC) is Pakistans leading integrated gas Company. The company is engaged in the business of transmission and distribution of natural gas besides construction of high pressure transmission and low pressure distribution systems SSGCL transmission system extends from Sui in Balochistan to Karachi in Sindh comprising over 2780 KM of high pressure pipeline ranging from 12 24 in diameter.The distribution activities covering over 650 towns in the Sindh and Balochistan are organized through its regional offices. An average of about 234,553 million cubic feet (MMCFD) gas was sold in 2001-2002 to over 1. 7 million industrial, commercial and domestic consumers in these regions through a distribution network of over 22,890 Km. Type of Study This study aims to analyze the financial statements of oil and gas marketing companies and then generalize the result for the whole industry. therefrom due to the purpose of the study it is cl assifies as descriptive study.Procedure Base Year and Period of analytic thinking For the analysis, 2001 has been taken as the base year, and the performance in the next five years has been compared with the base year. Analysis Methods The analysis of financial data uses various methods to evaluate the relative importance of the data that was presented in financial statements of a firm. The methods used in the analysis of the marketing sector of Pakistan are a blend of Ratio analysis Common size analysis Ratio Analysis The following ratios were used on the composite data of five years 1.Liquidity Ratios related to the liquidity of short term assets and short term debt paying ability were running(a) Capital Current Ratio gross revenue to Working Capital 2. lucrativeness Ratios measure the ability of a firm to generate earnings. The ratios used were come up Asset Turnover operate Income boundary line Return on fall Equity Return on Investment Gross proceeds Margin Net Profit M argin 3. Debt Ratios that measure the long term debt paying ability of the firm used were Debt Ratio Debt to Equity Ratio ameliorate charge coverage 4. Market Value Ratios that measure the return that is being given to the stockholders were Earning per shareDividend per share Dividend Payout These financial ratios were calculated for each of the years from 2001 to 2005 and then plotted to see the general trend. They were then studied to bring up various turning points in the trends, and to see the underlying reasons behind the changes in trends that were occurring. Common Size Analysis A common size analysis expresses comparisons in percentages. For the financial data there was -Horizontal and vertical analysis of the following balance sheet items, using 2001 as a base year (horizontal) and total assets as base (vertical) fixed assetCapital work in progress Long term investments Current assets reserves & superabundance Equity and liabilities were shown as a percentage of total l iabilities. -Horizontal and vertical analysis of the following Profit and Loss items with 2001 as a base year (horizontal) and Net Sales as base (vertical) Financial Charges operational write off Gross Profits Taxes Profit before Tax CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 4. 1 Pakistan State Oil Company Limited Balance Sheets (2001-2005) Table 4. 2 Pakistan State Oil Company Limited Income Statements (2001-2005) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Sales (Net) 43305. 67 133136. 52 172445. 77 161537. 98 212503. 65 Cost of Sales 136933. 58 126359. 13 163490. 58 152346. 86 198757. 32 Gross Profit 6372. 09 6777. 39 8955. 19 9191. 12 13746. 33 Operating Expenses 2367. 97 2210. 69 2750. 26 4223. 43 5443. 58 Operating Profit 4004. 12 4566. 7 6204. 93 4967. 69 8302. 75 Financial Charges 778. 7 979. 22 274. 78 189. 08 370. 7 Other income 225. 94 1549. 77 279. 17 1484. 36 1294. 34 Profit onward receipts 3451. 36 5137. 25 6209. 32 6262. 97 9226. 39 tax revenue 1200 1949 2179 2181 2183 Profit After r eceipts 2251. 36 3188. 25 4030. 32 4081. 97 7043. 39 Table 4. Pakistan State Oil Company Limited Vertical Common Size of Balance Sheets (2001-2005) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Current Assets 81. 44% 74. 84% 69. 41% 74. 60% 78. 22% set(p) Assets (Gross) 21. 99% 24. 10% 29. 01% 25. 40% 21. 78% depreciation 11. 02% 11. 90% 13. 96% 12. 51% 12. 08% flash-frozen Assets (Net) 10. 97% 12. 21% 15. 05% 12. 89% 9. 70% Capital work in get along with 2. 28% 2. 72% 3. 53% 2. 76% 2. 39% Long Term Investment & Deposits 5. 32% 10. 23% 12. 01% 9. 75% 9. 69% entirety Assets ascorbic acid. 00% ascorbic acid. 00% hundred. 00% carbon. 00% 100. 00% Current Liabilities 63. 63% 62. 39% 55. 40% 59. 72% 62. 92% Deferred Taxation 0. 00% . 44% 1. 15% 1. 33% 1. 21% Long Term Liabilities 3. 82% 1. 85% 3. 05% 2. 53% 2. 63% match Liabilities 67. 45% 65. 69% 59. 60% 63. 58% 66. 76% ante up Capital 4. 74% 4. 36% 5. 30% 4. 04% 3. 29% Reserves & Surplus 27. 80% 29. 96% 35. 09% 32. 38% 29. 95% jibe Liabilities & Capital 100. 00% 100. 00% 100. 00% 100. 00% 100. 00% Analysis The vertical common size of the B/S of PSO shows that the current as well as fixed assets are pretty much the same and there is major improvement in long term investment & deposits while on the liability side again the current and long term liabilities are pretty much constant.The reserves & surplus have been increasing with the passage of time. Table 4. 4 Pakistan State Oil Company Limited Vertical Common Size of Income statement (2001-2005) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Sales (Net) 100. 00% 100. 00% 100. 00% 100. 00% 100. 00% Cost of Sales 95. 55% 94. 91% 94. 81% 94. 31% 93. 53% Gross Profit 4. 45% 5. 09% 5. 19% 5. 69% 6. 47% Operating Expenses 1. 65% 1. 66% 1. 59% 2. 61% 2. 56% Operating Profit 2. 79% 3. 43% 3. 60% 3. 08% 3. 91% Financial Charges 0. 54% 0. 74% 0. 16% 0. 12% 0. 17% Other income 0. 16% 1. 16% 0. 16% 0. 92% 0. 61%Profit Before Taxation 2. 41% 3. 86% 3. 60% 3. 88% 4. 34% Taxation 0. 84% 1. 46% 1. 26% 1. 35% 1. 03% Profit After Taxation 1. 57% 2. 39% 2. 34% 2. 53% 3. 31% Analysis The detailed analysis of the I/S of PSO shows that the oil marketing company has been able to slightly reduce its cost of sales which has resulted in a significant improver in the gross profit while the operating profit has also shown an subjoin as the operating expenses have increased but in a lesser proportion. The financial charges have been drastically cut down due to a better financial performance.There has been a marked improvement in the other income which shows that the company has increased its sources of income and all this has resulted in higher profits. Table 4. 5 Pakistan State Oil Company Limited Horizontal Common Size of Balance Sheets (2001-2005) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Current Assets 100% -0. 001% -8. 54% 28. 90% 65. 98% Fixed Assets (Gross) 100% 19. 269% 41. 53% 62. 56% 71. 13% Depreciation 100% 17. 468% 35. 91% 59. 74% 89. 36% Fixed Assets (Net) 100% 21. 078% 47. 18% 65. 40% 52. 81% Capita l work in get along with 100% 30. 150% 66. 47% 70. 52% 81. 58% Long Term Investment & Deposits 100% 109. 346% 142. 40% 158. 6% 214. 84% entirety Assets 100% 8. 811% 7. 30% 40. 72% 72. 81% Current Liabilities 100% 6. 701% -6. 57% 32. 08% 70. 88% Deferred Taxation 100% 47200% 37250% 56425% 63018% Long Term Liabilities 100% -47. 371% -14. 53% -7. 05% 18. 70% Total Liabilities 100% 5. 958% -5. 19% 32. 63% 71. 02% Financed By Paid-Up Capital 100% 0. 000% 20. 00% 20. 00% 20. 00% Reserves & Surplus 100% 17. 237% 35. 44% 63. 87% 86. 15% Total Liabilities & Capital 100% 8. 811% 7. 30% 40. 72% 72. 81% Analysis The horizontal common size of the B/S of PSO significantly tells that the current assets have increased substantially mainly due to the increase in sales.Another important aspect to note is the great deal of increase in the long term investments which is due to various new projects that have been undertaken and this shows that the company is expanding. The increase in current liabilit ies is mainly due to the increase in credit sales and also because a significant portion of long term loans has been converted into current portion while the increase in long term liabilities is mainly due to the increase in employee benefits which again shows that the company has been doing very well. Another good indicator of the good performance is the increase in the reserves & surplus section of the B/S.Table 4. 6 Pakistan State Oil Company Limited Horizontal Common Size of Income statement (2001-2005) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Sales (Net) 100% -7. 096% 20. 33% 12. 72% 48. 29% Cost of Sales 100% -7. 722% 19. 39% 11. 26% 45. 15% Gross Profit 100% 6. 361% 40. 54% 44. 24% 115. 73% Operating Expenses 100% -6. 642% 16. 14% 78. 36% 129. 88% Operating Profit 100% 14. 050% 54. 96% 24. 06% 107. 36% Financial Charges 100% 25. 751% -64. 71% -75. 72% -52. 40% Other income 100% 585. 921% 23. 56% 556. 97% 472. 87% Profit Before Taxation 100% 48. 847% 79. 91% 81. 46% 167. 33% Taxation 100% 62. 417% 81. 58% 81. 75% 81. 92%Profit After Taxation 100% 41. 614% 79. 02% 81. 31% 212. 85% Analysis The horizontal common size of the I/S clearly indicates the drastic improvement in the sales which is almost around 50% while due to a lesser increase in the cost of sales the gross profit is up by over 115%. The financial charges have been reduced to more than 50% and a huge increase in other sources of income has led to higher profit before taxation. Table 4. 7 Shell Pakistan Limited Balance Sheets (2001-2005) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Current Assets 6470. 64 7145. 22 6149. 68 7912. 63 12725. 13 Fixed Assets (Gross) 6027. 49 6705. 37 7554. 29 8708. 5 9569. 78 Accumulated Depreciation 2189. 29 2738. 78 3290. 57 3852. 84 4532. 53 Fixed Assets (Net) 3838. 20 3966. 59 4263. 72 4855. 21 5037. 25 Capital Work in Progress 464. 52 534. 61 564. 44 544. 07 582. 38 Long Term Investment & Deposits 1294. 68 186. 27 1998. 93 2032. 22 1988. 13 Total Assets 12068. 04 11832. 69 12976. 77 15344. 13 203 32. 89 Liabilities Current Liabilities 6470. 65 5934. 76 7029. 83 9042. 39 11951. 06 Long Term Liabilities 66. 84 47. 51 77. 86 43. 49 48. 22 Deferred Taxation 141 29. 24 17. 26 126. 42 20. 74 Financed By Paid-Up Capital 350. 66 350. 66 350. 66 350. 66 350. 66 Reserves & Surplus 038. 89 5470. 52 5501. 16 5781. 87 7962. 21 Total Liabilities & Equity 12068. 04 11832. 69 12976. 77 15344. 13 20332. 89 Table 4. 8 Shell Pakistan Limited Income Statements (2001-2005) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Sales (Net) 65725. 15 69042. 05 77822. 82 79180. 35 98526. 62 Cost of Sales 61628. 48 64164. 23 72049. 47 72973. 11 89684. 58 Gross Profit 4096. 67 4877. 82 5773. 35 6207. 24 8842. 04 Operating Expenses 2486. 67 3292. 92 3794. 36 3806. 01 4609. 77 Operating Profit 1610. 00 1584. 90 1978. 99 2401. 23 4232. 27 Financial Charges 50. 27 46. 76 51. 48 224. 33 596. 55 Other Income 191. 72 154. 46 110. 32 12. 02 22. 33Profit Before Taxation 1630. 45 1572. 44 1899. 91 2188. 92 3658. 05 Taxation 574. 42 509. 62 644. 91 680. 91 1197. 19 Profit After Taxation 1056. 03 1062. 81 1255. 00 1508. 01 2460. 86 Table 4. 9 Shell Pakistan Limited Vertical Common Size of Balance Sheets (2001-2005) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Current Assets 53. 62% 60. 39% 47. 39% 51. 57% 62. 58% Fixed Assets (Gross) 49. 95% 56. 67% 58. 21% 56. 75% 47. 07% Accumulated Depreciation 18. 14% 23. 15% 25. 36% 25. 11% 22. 29% Fixed Assets (Net) 31. 80% 33. 52% 32. 86% 31. 64% 24. 77% Capital Work in Progress 3. 85% 4. 52% 4. 35% 3. 55% 2. 86% Long Term Investment & Deposits 0. 73% 1. 57% 15. 40% 13. 24% 9. 78% Total Assets 100. 00% 100. 00% 100. 00% 100. 00% 100. 00% Current Liabilities 53. 62% 50. 16% 54. 17% 58. 93% 58. 78% Long Term Liabilities 0. 55% 0. 40% 0. 60% 0. 28% 0. 24% Deferred Taxation 1. 17% 0. 25% 0. 13% 0. 82% 0. 10% Financed By Paid-Up Capital 2. 91% 2. 96% 2. 70% 2. 29% 1. 72% Reserves & Surplus 41. 75% 46. 23% 42. 39% 37. 68% 39. 16% Total Liabilities & Equity 100. 00% 100. 00% 100. 00% 100. 00% 100. 00% Ana lysis Vertical common size of the B/S of Shell Pakistan shows that the company has been pretty much maintaining its proportion of all the assets, liabilities